Abstract: The importance of walking seems to have been lost in the frantic pace of contemporary urban everyday life. Functional and fast walks that seek connection prevail over a scarce number of contemplative walks of the public space in which they are immersed. This article shows an investigation on the process of attachment to a daily route in public space in downtown Santiago de Chile, the area with the most density and high-rise constructions in the city. The process is described from a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach and a spatial analysis, identifying the factors that affect the pedestrian's attachment to their daily routes. For this, semi-structured interviews, walking interviews, and visual ethnography were applied. The results of the analysis show that there is no attachment to the daily route in dense environments in the first instance, something that would change when practicing a daily walk between home and work. Aspects of centrality and accessibility begin to be observed, and then an attachment to the act of walking is generated, from which emerges a significance of elements and physical and social characteristics of the public space, which result in an attachment to the route.

Resumen: La importancia de la caminata parece haberse perdido ante el frenético ritmo de la cotidianeidad urbana contemporánea. Priman caminatas funcionales y rápidas que buscan la conexión, ante un escaso número de caminatas contemplativas del espacio público en las que están inmersas. El presente artículo muestra una investigación del proceso de apego al recorrido cotidiano en el espacio público en el centro de Santiago de Chile, la zona con mayor densidad y construcción en altura de la ciudad. Desde un planteamiento fenomenológico-hermenéutico y un análisis espacial, se describe el proceso y se identifican los factores que inciden en la creación del apego de los peatones a su recorrido. Para ello se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, entrevistas caminadas, y una etnografía visual. Los resultados del análisis muestran que el apego al recorrido en una primera instancia no existe en entornos densos, lo que cambiaría con la práctica de la caminata diaria entre la vivienda y el trabajo. Se van apreciando aspectos de centralidad y accesibilidad, y luego se genera un apego a la actividad del caminar, surgiendo así una significación de elementos y características físicas y sociales del espacio público que decantan en un apego hacia el recorrido.

ABSTRACT In the context of an increasing immigration to Chile from Latin America and the Caribe, which is equivalent to an 87,8% of the country immigrant population by 2017, this article focuses on the Haitian migration, one of the most significant of the last period. Migrant living is analyzed in Santiago city from a multiscalar and temporal approach with complementary methods and scales. We describe the processes of territorial occupation of the main groups at the city level, as well as the strategies of social and economic insertion at the neighborhood level. Afterwards we identify the configurations of the housing group at the domestic scale. Analyzing these migratory dynamics simultaneously and at different scales reveals how interpersonal networks spatially organize migrations and shape the spaces that host them at all levels.

RESUMEN En el contexto del aumento de las migraciones hacia Chile provenientes de América Latina y el Caribe, que equivalen al 87,8% del total de inmigrantes en el país al año 2017, el artículo se enfoca en la migración haitiana, una de las más singulares del último tiempo. Se aborda el habitar migrante en la ciudad de Santiago desde una aproximación multiescalar y temporal con métodos y escalas complementarias. Se describen los procesos de ocupación territorial de los principales colectivos a nivel de ciudad, se analizan las estrategias de inserción social y económica a nivel de barrio y, posteriormente, se identifican las configuraciones del grupo habitacional a escala doméstica. Analizar estas dinámicas migratorias a distintas escalas simultáneamente nos revela cómo las redes interpersonales organizan espacialmente las migraciones y modelan los espacios que las albergan en todos sus niveles.

Abstract: In the face of a natural catastrophe, resistance is a necessary but not sufficient condition. A building can withstand an earthquake or a flood, but that does not mean that the life it held will go back to be developed in a normal way. Hence, based on the experience after the 2010 earthquake, this text advocates resilience as a key concept, a scope of which goes far beyond mere material resistance.

Resumen: In the face of a natural catastrophe, resistance is a necessary but not sufficient condition. A building can withstand an earthquake or a flood, but that does not mean that the life it held will go back to be developed in a normal way. Hence, based on the experience after the 2010 earthquake, this text advocates resilience as a key concept, a scope of which goes far beyond mere material resistance.

Background: With approximately 66% of the population overweight and nearly 90% with sedentary lifestyles, obesity has become a major public health problem in Chile. Thus, in the last fifteen years health policies have promoted active lifestyles. An interesting initiative in this context is the CicloRecreoVia program, which closes a set of public streets on Sunday mornings, allowing people to carry out PA in streets free of vehicles. Aim: To characterize PA and mobility patterns of participants of the CicloRecreoVía program in Santiago. Material and Methods: 401 participants of five circuits of the CicloRecreoVia surveyed on the type, frequency and durantion of the PA carried out, their daily mobility habits, motivations for attending the CicloRecreoVia, self-perceived health condition, among other aspects. Results: Participants spent 113 minutes in the CicloRecreoVia, 77% declared walking or bicycling at least 10 minutes per day and 56.7% traveled actively (bicycling or walking) at least four times per week. Finally, 69.1% perceived their health condition “better” or “much better” than one year ago. In addition, it was noted that CicloRecreoVías attracted different type of participants depending on their location in the city. Conclusions: In line with previous studies, most users achieve about 75% of the weekly PA recommended by attending the CicloRecreoVía, and the main motivations to attend the program were to make PA, to be outdoor and to socialize. As a result, the CicloRecreoVía has the potential to become an effective public nationwide health policy to combat obesity.

Resumen En las ciudades contemporáneas el espacio construido y el social se encuentran en un proceso constante de transformación. En este contexto, el barrio es una unidad cuya función es reunir a la comunidad y a sus prácticas, al mismo tiempo que opera como vínculo entre el espacio privado de la vivienda y la metrópolis. El rol del barrio en la construcción de la comunidad cobra especial relevancia en los barrios vulnerables. En Chile después de años de políticas viviendistas que privilegiaban la construcción de casas, se ha cambiado el foco hacia el mejoramiento de los barrios con intervenciones integrales multisectoriales. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar la relación entre las estructuras del espacio físico y las estructuras de sociabilidad en habitantes de barrios vulnerables en proceso de consolidación en Santiago, específicamente, a través del estudio de dos casos emblemáticos de la comuna de El Bosque. La hipótesis general es que el espacio físico y la configuración actual de muchos de los barrios con estas características de vulnerabilidad so-cioterritorial actúan como una estructura estructurante de relaciones sociales que es capaz de inhibir la difusión de la sociabilidad y favorecer el aislamiento metropolitano.

Abstract The built and social urban space in contemporary cities are in a continuous transformation process. In this context, neighbourhoods have a double function that gathers community values while operates as link between the homes and the metropolis. The neighbourhood's role in the building of the community is especially relevant in vulnerable neighbourhoods. In Chile, after years of housing public policies that privileged the construction of houses, the focus has changed towards neighbourhood improvement with multi-sectorial integral interventions. In this context, the objective of the present paper is to evaluate the relationship between the physical space and the sociability structures of inhabitants from vulnerable neighbourhoods in the process of consolidation in Santiago de Chile, through the analysis of two cases in the municipality of El Bosque. The general hypothesis is that the physic space and the configuration of many vulnerable neighbourhoods, work as a structure-that-structures social relation, capable of inhibiting sociability and favouring urban isolation.

Resumo Nas cidades contemporâneas o espaço construído e o espaço social estão num constante processo de transformação. Neste contexto, o bairro é uma unidade com uma dupla função que congrega a comunidade e a suas práticas, ao mesmo tempo que opera como um vinculo entre o espaço privado da habitação e a metrópoles. O papel da vizinhança na construção da comunidade é particularmente importante em bairros vulneráveis. No Chile, após anos de políticas pro habitação, favorecendo a construção de casas, o foco tem sido mudado para a melhoria dos bairros com intervenções multisectoriais abrangentes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste texto é avaliar a relação entre as estruturas de espaço físico e as estruturas de sociabilidade em habitantes dos bairros vulneráveis em processo de consolidação em Santiago. A hipótese geral é que o espaço físico e a configuração atual de muitos bairros e, especificamente nos bairros vulneráveis, atua como uma estrutura - estruturando as relações sociais e capaz de inibir a difusão de sociabilidade e favorecer o isolamento metropolitano.

Abstract Aims To put together a registry of the location of all existing outdoor gyms (OGs) in Santiago, Chile, and establish a profile of the users of these gyms. Methods All OGs in Santiago located in public spaces were identified and geo-referenced, and an accessibility analysis of them was carried out. A total of 1,023 users of OGs were surveyed (71% men, average age 31.5 years old, SD =16.6), about the frequency of use of OGs, amount of time spent using them, transportation habits, motivation for usage, and their perceptions regarding their own health, among other questions. In addition, each person's neck circumference was measured. Results There are 1,981 OGs in the city squares, sidewalks and parks, mostly located in poorest areas of the city. Most OG users live less than one kilometer away from an OG. Discussion In line with international studies, this research demonstrates that OGs have positive collateral effects, as they not only contribute to users to increase their physical activity, but also because they attract people with sedentary lifestyles to make physical activity. This, in turn, might contribute to make urban areas more livable and safer, for they bring new "eyes to the street" and permit to use cities' under-occupied public spaces. Conclusion The proliferation of outdoor gyms should be regarded as an opportunity for public health policies aimed at tackling the obesity problem and increasing the physical activity of people.

Stated choice methods were used to measure the effect of different types of incentives (direct and indirect subsidies, changes in building regulations and others) in the willingness to build denser and socially integrated residential projects by real estate firms in the vicinity of metro and bus rapid transit (BRT) stations. A sample of 52 professionals, from building companies and real estate firms, was asked to evaluate a series of urban scenarios under various incentive schemes; in each case they had to choose whether they would be willing to start a conventional residential project (i.e. for buyers belonging to the same socio- economic group) or a socially integrated one (i.e. mixing buyers from different groups). Results show that an aggregate level, only 16% of respondents would be interested in starting new residential projects at those locations. However, the availability of incentives could have a significant impact in the willingness to initiate higher density projects around the stations and also, but to a lesser degree, in the willingness to initiate socially mixed residential projects.

Usando técnicas de preferencias declaradas se buscó dimensionar el efecto de incentivos de distinto tipo (subsidios directos e indirectos, cambios normativos y otros), en la disposición a densificar e integrar socialmente a través de proyectos residenciales en las inmediaciones de estaciones de metro y corredores de transporte público. Un total de 52 profesionales, de empresas constructoras e inmobiliarias, debieron evaluar una serie de escenarios urbanos considerando la existencia de distintos tipos de incentivos y elegir, sucesivamente, en cuáles estarían dispuestos a iniciar proyectos residenciales convencionales (dirigidos a un mismo grupo socioeconómico), o socialmente integrados (que incorporaran grupos de distinto nivel socioeconómico). Los resultados muestran que, a nivel agregado, sólo 16% de los encuestados estaría interesado en iniciar proyectos residenciales alrededor de las estaciones analizadas. Sin embargo, la aplicación de incentivos podría aumentar en forma significativa la disposición a iniciar obras de densificación y también, aunque en menor grado, a construir conjuntos residenciales socialmente mixtos.

Como componente estructural de la realidad urbana, la calle suele tomarse como un hecho dado y hasta cierto punto, obvio. La reflexión sobre las primeras normativas que regularon su naturaleza da pistas sobre los destinos y roles que, en nuestra realidad contemporánea, la calle puede asumir.

Urban safety has become a key issue for life in the city. A strategy that may positively affect quality of life is the urban design of public spaces; however, previous efforts have not been based on hard data, hampering a serious evaluation of alternative solutions. This work discusses the methodology and primary results of a study geared to quantify the perception of safety in low income areas, and how this is affected by the spatial arrangement of neighborhoods. We are interested in quantifying the effect of spatial variables regarding the feelings of fear associated with the use of public space, with the objective to evaluate policies to improve security based on hard data rather than unproven speculation. We designed and implemented a stated preference survey to measure the relative perceptions of insecurity experienced by residents traveling through specific neighborhoods in Santiago. The relative importance of each variable was determined using flexible discrete choice models. Results suggest that the proposed approach could become an efficient technique for the evaluation of urban safety policies

La seguridad ciudadana ha pasado a ser un tema clave en la vida de las ciudades. Un enfoque que puede afectar positivamente la calidad de vida de los habitantes urbanos es el diseño del espacio público, pero experiencias anteriores han carecido de datos que permitan evaluar seriamente posibles alternativas de solución. Este trabajo discute la metodología y presenta los principales resultados de un estudio enfocado a cuantificar la percepción de seguridad de habitantes de barrios residenciales de escasos recursos, y cómo ésta es afectada por su configuración espacial. Interesa cuantificar el efecto de variables espaciales sobre la sensación de temor asociada a recorrer el hábitat cotidianamente, con el objetivo de evaluar políticas de mejoramiento de la seguridad ciudadana basadas en información empírica comprobable y no en especulaciones. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta de preferencias declaradas para medir las percepciones relativas de inseguridad experimentadas por los residentes al transitar por distintos sectores de Santiago. La importancia relativa de cada variable se estimó utilizando modelos flexibles de elección discreta. Los resultados sugieren que el enfoque propuesto podría constituirse en una eficaz técnica para la evaluación de políticas de seguridad urbana

If there were a model drivers’ city, it would undoubtedly be the reference point for the interventions in Santiago in the past 30 years. Leaving aside the relatively isolated case of the subway, vast areas of land have been given over to road traffic. Concession roads mark the formalization of a class system among drivers that will, unfortunately, inform the way we understand and experience the city.

Si es que existiera el modelo de ciudad automovilística, sin duda sería el referente que ha determinado las intervenciones urbanas en Santiago durante los últimos treinta años: aparte del caso relativamente aislado del ferrocarril subterráneo, son incontables los kilómetros entregados al tráfico vehicular. Las concesiones viales inauguran la formalización de un sistema de clases dentro del parque automotriz; un sistema que lamentablemente informará la manera en que entendemos y experimentamos la ciudad.